Resiliensi Sistem Distribusi Air Minum terhadap Gempa dan Likuefaksi: Tinjauan Kritis dengan Konteks Sumatera Barat

Syawal Andika Putra; Puti Sri Komala

Authors

Syawal Andika Putra Universitas Andalas Author
Puti Sri Komala Universitas Andalas Author

Keywords:

gempa bumi, likuefaksi, resiliensi, sistem distribusi air, Sumatera Barat

Abstract

Sistem distribusi air minum merupakan infrastruktur vital yang rentan terhadap gempa bumi dan likuefaksi, khususnya di wilayah rawan seismik seperti Sumatera Barat. Kerusakan jaringan perpipaan akibat gangguan seismik dapat menyebabkan penurunan tekanan distribusi, gangguan kualitas air, serta terhambatnya pemulihan layanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan pendekatan resiliensi pada sistem distribusi air terhadap risiko gempa dan likuefaksi, mengidentifikasi kesenjangan penelitian, serta merumuskan strategi penguatan resiliensi yang kontekstual untuk wilayah berkembang. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan critical thematic literature review terhadap artikel ilmiah pada periode 2010–2026 yang diperoleh dari Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, dan Google Scholar. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan evaluasi resiliensi berkembang dari metode berbasis reliability menuju integrasi Pressure-Driven Analysis (PDA), fragility analysis, dan socio-technical resilience. PDA lebih representatif dalam memodelkan kondisi hidraulik pascagempa, sedangkan fragility analysis efektif untuk mengevaluasi probabilitas kerusakan berdasarkan parameter intensitas seismik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengusulkan kerangka integratif yang menghubungkan bahaya seismik, probabilitas kerusakan, respons hidraulik, interdependensi infrastruktur, dan strategi pemulihan dalam satu pendekatan konseptual. Kerangka yang diusulkan menunjukkan bahwa performa hidraulik, interdependensi infrastruktur, dan kapasitas kelembagaan memiliki peran yang sama penting dalam meningkatkan resiliensi layanan air minum pascabencana.

Author Biographies

Syawal Andika Putra, Universitas Andalas

Departemen Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas
Puti Sri Komala, Universitas Andalas

Depertemen Teknik Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Andalas,

References

[1] H. Emamjomeh, R. Ahmady Jazany, H. Kayhani, I. Hajirasouliha, dan M. R. Bazargan-Lari, “Reliability of water distribution networks subjected to seismic hazard: Application of an improved entropy function,” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 197, Mei 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.106828.

[2] W. Li, R. K. Mazumder, dan Y. Li, “Time-variant Seismic Resilience Analysis Model for Water Distribution Systems,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2302.03254, 2023.

[3] F. D. Shubandrio, A. M. El-Maissi, M. M. Kassem, M. Masrilayanti, S. R. Rahmat, dan F. Mohamed Nazri, “Evaluating the Interdependencies of Infrastructure Critical Systems during Earthquake Event: A Case Study for Padang City,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 23, Des 2022, doi: 10.3390/su142315926.

[4] M. Leštáková, K. T. Logan, I.-S. Rehm, P. F. Pelz, dan J. Friesen, “Do resilience metrics of water distribution systems really assess resilience? A critical review,” Water Res., vol. 248, hlm. 120820, 2024, doi: 10.48328/tudatali.

[5] R. R. Putra, J. Kiyono, Y. Ono, dan H. R. Parajuli, “Seismic Hazard Analysis for Indonesia,” Journal of Natural Disaster Science, vol. 33, no. 2, hlm. 59–70, 2012, doi: 10.2328/jnds.33.59.

[6] W. T. Putri, Syafriani, A. Fauzi, dan L. Dwiridal, “Amplification Analysis and Seismic Vulnerability Index of Air Tawar Barat Village of Padang City Using HVSR Method,” dalam Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Institute of Physics, 2023. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2582/1/012038.

[7] P. Razi, A. Putri, dan J. T. S. Sumantyo, “Vulnerability Liquefaction Mapping in Padang City Based on Cloud Computing Using Optical Satellite Imagery Data,” JOIV: International Journal on Informatics Visualization, vol. 8, no. 3–2, hlm. 1932–1937, 2024.

[8] W. Liu, Z. Song, M. Ouyang, dan J. Li, “Recovery-based seismic resilience enhancement strategies of water distribution networks,” Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf., vol. 203, Nov 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ress.2020.107088.

[9] H. Wu, E. Guo, P. Yan, dan J. Liu, “A Quantitative Evaluation Model for the Seismic Resilience of Water Supply Systems Based on Fragility Analysis,” Sustainability (Switzerland), vol. 15, no. 16, Agu 2023, doi: 10.3390/su151612137.

[10] R. H. Yuliandra, N. Nurhamidah, P. S. Komala, dan V. S. Bachtiar, “Improving Water Supply Systems’ Resilience Variables Using The Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM),” Dampak, vol. 23, no. 1, hlm. 88–102, Jan 2026, doi: 10.25077/dampak.23.1.88-102.2026.

[11] B. Hou, X. Ma, K. Diao, Z. Zhong, dan S. Wu, “Seismic performance assessment of water distribution systems based on multi-indexed nodal importance,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 13, no. 17, Sep 2021, doi: 10.3390/w13172362.

[12] F. W. Atmaja, I. Meilano, R. Virtriana, D. R. Tampubolon, R. Raharja, dan G. L. Goro, “Event-Based Seismic Risk Assessment for Indonesia’s Post-Disaster Fund to Stimulate House Damage Recovery,” Journal of Disaster Research, vol. 20, no. 5, hlm. 765–775, Okt 2025, doi: 10.20965/JDR.2025.P0765.

[13] Q. Shuang, H. J. Liu, dan E. Porse, “Review of the quantitative resilience methods in water distribution networks,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 11, no. 6, Jun 2019, doi: 10.3390/w11061189.

[14] D. Jung dan J. H. Kim, “Emerging issues and methodologies for resilient and robust water distribution systems,” Water (Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 3, Mar 2020, doi: 10.3390/w12030769.

[15] Y. Wang, S. K. Au, dan Q. Fu, “Seismic risk assessment and mitigation of water supply systems,” Earthquake Spectra, vol. 26, no. 1, hlm. 257–274, 2010, doi: 10.1193/1.3276900.

[16] B. Hou, J. Huang, H. Miao, X. Zhao, dan S. Wu, “Seismic resilience evaluation of water distribution systems considering hydraulic and water quality performance,” International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, vol. 93, hlm. 103756, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023. 103756.

[17] W. Triyoso, A. Suwondo, T. Yudistira, dan D. P. Sahara, “Seismic Hazard Function (SHF) study of coastal sources of Sumatra Island: SHF evaluation of Padang and Bengkulu cities,” Geosci. Lett., vol. 7, no. 1, Des 2020, doi: 10.1186/s40562-020-00151-x.

[18] A. M. Sari, A. Fakhrurrozi, A. Arisal, B. Setiadi, H. G. Putra, Nafri, R.A Bakar, dan Z. Ramli, “Seismic hazard analysis on Solok Regency, West Sumatra to support local government development program,” dalam E3S Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Des 2023. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202346407002.

[19] A. Cruz, S. Karimzadeh, N. Chieffo, E. Sandoval, dan P. B. Lourenço, “A Review of Probabilistic Approaches for Assessing the Liquefaction Hazard in Urban Areas,” Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, vol. 31, no. 8, hlm. 4673–4708, Des 2024, doi: 10.1007/s11831-024-10124-4.

[20] Badan Geologi; Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi dan Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Atlas Kawasan Rawan Bencana Gempa Bumi (KRBG) Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2026.

[21] Badan Geologi; Pusat Air Tanah dan Geologi Tata Lingkungan, Atlas Zona Kerentanan Likuefaksi Indonesia, Cetakan Kedua. Bandung: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2020. [Daring]. Tersedia pada: www.bgl.esdm.go.id

[22] L. Qian, S. Wei, Y. Tianlai, W. Tiancheng, dan H. Mohamed, “Mathematical Methodology in the Seismic Resilience Evaluation of the Water Supply System,” Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, hlm. 45–54, Jan 2023, doi: 10.2478/amns.2021.2.00212.

[23] R. E. Kayen dan K. W. Ko, “Energy-Based Methods for Seismic Soil Liquefaction: Past, Present, and Future,” Indian Geotechnical Journal, 2026, doi: 10.1007/s40098-026-01480-y.