Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Biochar Berbahan Limbah Yeast Mud

Yoga Ramadha; Joanna Adorenee; Ketut Sumada

Authors

Yoga Ramadha Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author
Joanna Adorenee Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author
Ketut Sumada Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

biochar, yeast mud, karbonisasi, suhu pirolisis, pembenah tanah

Abstract

Yeast mud merupakan limbah padat hasil samping industri fermentasi bioetanol yang dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar, memiliki kandungan air tinggi, dan kaya akan bahan organik sehingga berpotensi diolah menjadi biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu karbonisasi terhadap yield dan kualitas biochar dari limbah yeast mud bioetanol. Yeast mud dikeringkan pada suhu 100°C selama 8 jam, kemudian dikarbonisasi di dalam furnace pada suhu 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 600°C dengan waktu tinggal 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; dan 3 jam. Biochar yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi melalui pengukuran yield, uji kadar abu, analisis komposisi kimia menggunakan SEM-EDX, serta analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield biochar menurun dari 90,86% (200°C, 1 jam) menjadi 20,46% (600°C, 3 jam), sedangkan kadar abu meningkat dari 45,5% menjadi 75,22% seiring kenaikan suhu. Kandungan karbon menurun dari 14,25% menjadi 2,07%, sementara unsur mineral (Ca, S, K, P) semakin terkonsentrasi akibat volatilitas bahan organik. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan hilangnya gugus O-H dan C-H alifatik serta terbentuknya struktur karbon aromatik terkondensasi pada suhu tinggi, dan hasil SEM memperlihatkan peningkatan pembentukan pori. Biochar hasil karbonisasi pada suhu 200°C menunjukkan kualitas terbaik sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pembenah tanah.

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