Potensi Tumbuhan Etnofarmasi Aceh sebagai Bio - Disinfektan  Pada Lingkungan Rawan Paparan Rodensia

Ardhana Yulisma; Nir Fathiya; Winda Rawinta

Authors

Ardhana Yulisma Universitas U’budiyah Indonesia Author
Nir Fathiya Universitas Syiah Kuala Author
Winda Rawinta Universitas U’budiyah Indonesia Author

Keywords:

biodisinfektan, etnofarmasi aceh, hantavirus, rodensia, sanitasi mandiri

Abstract

Kematian tiga penumpang kapal pesiar MV Hondius akibat wabah hantavirus mengentak kesadaran global akan eskalasi ancaman zoonosis rodensia. Penyakit lewat ekskreta tikus ini mengintai wilayah tropis seperti Indonesia akibat padatnya permukiman dan rapuhnya sanitasi. Penanggulangan dengan disinfektan kimia secara terus-menerus justru memicu risiko resistensi mikroba dan pencemaran. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi potensi serta mekanisme tumbuhan etnofarmasi dan bumbu dapur Aceh sebagai agen bio-disinfektan alami berskala domestik. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur (narrative review) dengan menelisik data etnofarmasi, profil metabolit sekunder, dan mekanisme virologis pada kekayaan flora Aceh. Hasil telaah mengidentifikasi 18 spesies tumbuhan lokal, termasuk nilam, serai wangi, dan sirih yang kaya akan minyak atsiri dan senyawa fenolik. Karakter lipofilik senyawa aktifnya bekerja secara mekanis melisis selubung lipid Hantavirus sekaligus melumpuhkan bakteri zoonotik seperti Leptospira. Intervensi formula ini terbukti efektif jika diaplikasikan secara presisi pada titik kritis seperti gudang pangan dan drainase urban. Kelemahan stabilitas sediaan berbasis air disiasati melalui konsep freshly prepared (1–2 hari) atau penambahan jeruk purut dan belimbing wuluh sebagai pengawet asam alami. Melalui pendekatan ini, kearifan lokal etnofarmasi Aceh berhasil menjawab tantangan kemandirian sanitasi masyarakat secara murah, aman, dan rasional ilmiah.

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