Evaluasi Pendekatan Hybrid Dalam Pengukuran Volume Stockpile Batubara Menggunakan UAV, GNSS RTK dan Total Station

Muhammad Hafidh Rifqi Maulana; Henri Kuncoro

Authors

Muhammad Hafidh Rifqi Maulana Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung Author
Henri Kuncoro Institut Teknologi Nasional Bandung Author

Keywords:

uav, gnss rtk, total station, volume stockpile, pendekatan hybrid

Abstract

The measurement of coal stockpile volumes is essential for production planning, reserve reporting, and logistics management in mining operations. Conventional methods such as GNSS RTK and Total Station provide high accuracy but are less efficient in challenging terrains. As an alternative, UAV-based photogrammetry offers faster and safer surveys, although its accuracy is influenced by Ground Control Point (GCP) configuration and lighting conditions. This study evaluates a hybrid approach that combines UAV, GNSS RTK, and Total Station for stockpile volume measurement at the Kotabaru Site, South Kalimantan. Two measurement sessions were conducted: UAV compared with GNSS RTK in the first survey and UAV compared with Total Station in the second. The evaluation was based on volume results, coordinate accuracy (X, Y, Z), and operational efficiency using RMSE, MAE, volume deviation, survey duration, manpower, and safety risk parameters. The results showed that UAV yielded a volume deviation of –1.19% compared to GNSS RTK and –1.13% compared to Total Station, with an average RMSE of 1.73 cm and 1.33 cm, respectively. In terms of efficiency, UAV outperformed in both time and manpower requirements. Therefore, the hybrid approach is recommended as an optimal method for stockpile volume measurement in open-pit mining areas.

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