Kajian Sistematik Identifikasi Permasalahan Utama Dalam Pengolahan Setempat Limbah Cair Black Water Pada Negara Berkembang Berdasarkan Shit Flow Diagram

Nur Faizeh; Nopa Dwi Maulidiany

Authors

Nur Faizeh Universitas Indonesia Author
Nopa Dwi Maulidiany Universitas Indonesia Author

Keywords:

Sanitasi, Fecal Sludge Management, Shit Flow Diagram, Negara Berkembang

Abstract

Sekitar 40% populasi dunia, terutama di wilayah pedesaan, masih belum memiliki akses terhadap layanan sanitasi dasar yang layak. Sistem pengelolaan air limbah setempat (onsite sanitation system) lebih banyak diterapkan di daerah pedesaan karena dinilai lebih ekonomis dan mudah diimplementasikan dibandingkan sistem terpusat (offsite). Namun, efektivitas sistem onsite sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi komponen rantai layanannya, meliputi penampungan (containment), pengurasan (emptying), pengangkutan lumpur tinja (transport), serta fasilitas pengolahan (treatment). Kegagalan pada salah satu tahapan tersebut dapat mengakibatkan kebocoran dan pencemaran lingkungan. Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) merupakan instrumen visual yang efektif untuk memetakan kondisi infrastruktur sanitasi serta mengidentifikasi titik kritis dalam rantai pengelolaan limbah, mulai dari sumber hingga pembuangan akhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan sistematik dengan metode Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis permasalahan utama dalam pengelolaan limbah cair black water setempat di negara berkembang berdasarkan kerangka SFD. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa permasalahan yang dihadapi bersifat multidimensional, meliputi aspek teknis, operasional, finansial, kelembagaan, serta sosial-budaya di setiap tahapan rantai sanitasi.

Author Biography

Nopa Dwi Maulidiany, Universitas Indonesia

Lecturer in Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universitas Indonesia.

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