Studi Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi Soxhlet, Hot Press dan Hot Press - Soxhlet terhadap Rendemen dan Karakteristik Fisikokimia Minyak Biji Bintaro
Keywords:
biji bintaro, soxhletasi, kualitas minyak, pengepresan panasAbstract
Biji bintaro (Cerbera manghas L.) merupakan biomassa non-edible yang berpotensi sebagai bahan baku biodiesel karena memiliki kandungan minyak nabati yang tinggi. Namun, pemanfaatan minyak biji bintaro masih terbatas karena diperlukan metode ekstraksi yang efektif untuk menghasilkan minyak dengan yield tinggi dan kualitas yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan metode ekstraksi minyak biji bintaro dan mengevaluasi karakteristik minyak yang dihasilkan. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan meliputi Soxhletasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, pengepresan panas (Hot Press), serta kombinasi Hot Press-Soxhletasi. Proses Soxhletasi dilakukan pada suhu 70 °C dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi 2, 4, 6, dan 8 jam, sedangkan metode Hot Press dilakukan pada variasi suhu 80, 90, dan 100 °C dengan waktu pengepresan selama 10 menit. Minyak hasil ekstraksi dianalisis berdasarkan yield, kadar asam lemak bebas (FFA), kadar air, densitas, dan viskositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield tertinggi metode Soxhletasi diperoleh pada waktu ekstraksi 8 jam, yaitu sebesar 69,88%. Namun, berdasarkan evaluasi yield, karakteristik minyak, serta efisiensi waktu proses, waktu ekstraksi 2 jam direkomendasikan sebagai kondisi operasi dengan yield sebesar 65,77%, FFA sebesar 6,43%, dan kadar air sebesar 2,50%. Metode Hot Press menghasilkan kondisi terbaik pada suhu 80 °C, yaitu yield sebesar 7,75%, FFA sebesar 6,46%, dan kadar air sebesar 2,44%. Sementara itu, metode kombinasi Hot Press-Soxhletasi menghasilkan yield sebesar 26,65% pada suhu Hot Press 80 °C, dengan nilai FFA sebesar 15,51% dan kadar air sebesar 19,42%. Secara keseluruhan, metode Soxhletasi memberikan performa terbaik sehingga direkomendasikan sebagai metode ekstraksi minyak biji bintaro.
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