Pengaruh Diversifikasi Produk terhadap Profitabilitas dan Efisiensi Usaha Mikro di Sektor Perikanan

Radhiana; Sufitrayanti; Nurfiani  Syamsuddin; Cut  Rusmina; Teuku  Kaifasyah

Authors

Radhiana Universitas Serambi Mekkah Author
Sufitrayanti Universitas Serambi Mekkah Author
Nurfiani Syamsuddin Universitas Serambi Mekkah Author
Cut Rusmina Universitas Serambi Mekkah Author
Teuku Kaifasyah Universitas Serambi Mekkah Translator

Keywords:

Product diversification, micro fisheries enterprises, profitability, operational efficiency, economic sustainability

Abstract

Product diversification is a crucial strategy for micro enterprises in the fisheries sector to enhance profitability, efficiency, and business sustainability. Heavy reliance on selling fresh fish often leads to unstable income among fishermen and fish processors due to price fluctuations and perishability risks. This study aims to analyze the impact of product diversification on the profitability and efficiency of micro-scale fisheries enterprises using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The analysis was conducted by reviewing literature from international sources such as FAO, UNEP, UNIDO, and OECD, as well as empirical studies on innovation, operational efficiency, and fishery waste management. The findings indicate that product diversification can increase income by 20–40%, expand market reach, reduce raw material waste, and create a more efficient and environmentally friendly production system. Moreover, diversification generates significant socio-economic impacts, including new employment opportunities, enhanced skills among coastal communities, and improved competitiveness of local products in modern markets. However, the success of diversification largely depends on access to finance, technical skills, and market connectivity. Therefore, collaboration between entrepreneurs, government, cooperatives, and financial institutions is essential to achieve sustainable product diversification in the fisheries sector.

Author Biographies

Radhiana , Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Prodi Manajemen FE USM
Sufitrayanti , Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Correspondent Author, Prodi Akuntansi FE USM
Nurfiani Syamsuddin, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Prodi Manajemen FE USM
Cut Rusmina, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Prodi Akuntansi FE USM
Teuku Kaifasyah, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

Mahasiswa Prodi Akuntansi FE USM

References

[1] E. Kurniawati, U. H. A. Kohar, N. H. P. Meiji, P. Handayati, and D. C. Ilies, “Digital transformation for micro, small, and medium enterprises to develop sustainable community-based marine tourism,” African J. Hosp. Tour. Leis., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 1118–1127, 2022.

[2] J.-L. Chen, K. Hsu, and C.-T. Chuang, “How do fishery resources enhance the development of coastal fishing communities: Lessons learned from a community-based sea farming project in Taiwan,” Ocean Coast. Manag., vol. 184, p. 105015, 2020.

[3] Y. S. Yean, R. Pruthiarenun, P. Doe, T. Motohiro, and K. Gopakumar, “Dried and smoked fish products,” in Fish Drying and Smoking, Routledge, 2017, pp. 47–87.

[4] D. S. Holland et al., “Impact of catch shares on diversification of fishers’ income and risk,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 114, no. 35, pp. 9302–9307, 2017.

[5] R. Radhiana, M. Mukhdasir, J. Surya, N. Syamsuddin, M. Maryam, and A. Syafitri, “Pengaruh Sistem Produksi Lean terhadap Pengurangan Biaya Produksi dan Peningkatan Profitabilitas di Industri Pengolahan Limbah Plastik,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[6] M. Maryam, R. Nengsih, T. Makmur, S. Susanti, A. Arsyad, and A. R. Rahmi, “Meningkatkan Profitabilitas UMKM Pengrajin Gerabah dengan Efisiensi Keuangan dan Optimalisasi Produksi,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[7] F. Hanum et al., “Strategi Ekspansi Usaha UMKM dengan Pendekatan Metoda Hybrid SWOT Analisis dan AHP,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. VIII, no. 1, pp. 4991–4999, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://ojs.serambimekkah.ac.id/index.php/jse/article/view/5675

[8] M. Marlina, T. M. H. A. H. Almuqaramah, C. R. Rusmina, R. Rahmi, and M. Zidane, “Analisis Profitabilitas dan Efisiensi Operasional pada Industri Perikanan Skala Kecil di Indonesia,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 3, 2025.

[9] A. M. Benur and B. Bramwell, “Tourism product development and product diversification in destinations,” Tour. Manag., vol. 50, pp. 213–224, 2015.

[10] Y. R. Tega et al., Diversifikasi Olahan Ikan. Mega Press Nusantara, 2023.

[11] P. Mauliza et al., “Kendala Pemenuhan Suplai dan Permintaan Energi Terbarukan Biomassa Indonesia,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 8, no. 3, 2023.

[12] I. Jalil, M. Malahayati, S. Yana, H. Heriyana, I. Ilyas, and R. Nengsih, “Optimalisasi Proses Bisnis UMKM Kerajinan Gerabah melalui Sinergi Inovasi Pemasaran dan Manajemen Risiko Terstruktur,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[13] M. G. Rasul, C. Yuan, K. Yu, K. Takaki, and A. Shah, “Factors influencing the nutritional composition, quality and safety of dried fishery products,” Food Res., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 444–466, 2022.

[14] M. C. Espinosa, G. Lopez, P. Diaz, M. B. Linares, and M. D. Garrido, “Development of a convenience and safety chilled sous vide fish dish: Diversification of aquacultural products,” Food Sci. Technol. Int., vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 185–195, 2016.

[15] K. R. Palmeira, E. T. Mársico, M. L. G. Monteiro, M. Lemos, and C. A. Conte Junior, “Ready-to-eat products elaborated with mechanically separated fish meat from waste processing: challenges and chemical quality,” CyTA-Journal Food, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 227–238, 2016.

[16] U. Ulfia, R. Rahmi, Z. Yusuf, R. Radhiana, M. Mukhdasir, and A. Humaira, “Strategi Pemilihan Bahan Baku Daur Ulang untuk Meningkatkan Profitabilitas di Industri Pengolahan Limbah Plastik,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[17] Juwita et al., “Peluang Ekspansi Energi Terbarukan Biomassa dengan Analisis SWOT,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 4947–4956, 2023.

[18] A. Saidi et al., “Drivers of fish choice: an exploratory analysis in Mediterranean countries,” Agric. Food Econ., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 29, 2022.

[19] A. Nicolosi, D. Di Gregorio, G. Arena, V. R. Laganà, and D. Privitera, “Small-scale coastal fisheries in the midst of adaptation and diversification: insights from southern Italy,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 13, p. 7393, 2021.

[20] G. Carrà, I. Peri, and G. A. Vindigni, “Diversification Strategies for sustaining small-scale fisheries activity: A multidimensional integrated approach,” Riv. DI Stud. SULLA SOSTENIBILITA’, no. 2014/1, 2014.

[21] J. Penca, A. Said, M. Cavallé, C. Pita, and S. Libralato, “Sustainable small-scale fisheries markets in the Mediterranean: weaknesses and opportunities,” Marit. Stud., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 141–155, 2021.

[22] S. Ikhbar, N. Nelly, M. Maksalmina, C. Amni, A. Arsyad, and A. A. Fansuri, “Strategi Pengelolaan Operasional untuk Meningkatkan Keuntungan dan Mengurangi Pengeluaran dalam Industri Daur Ulang Plastik,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[23] M. Marlina, S. Sufitrayati, S. Amri, N. Syamsuddin, R. Radhiana, and R. M. Akbar, “Inovasi Operasional untuk Efisiensi Biaya dan Peningkatan Profit di Industri Pengolahan Limbah Plastik,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[24] F. Kakembo, “Sanitation as Business: Diversifying Income and Livelihoods for Women in Fishing Villages in Uganda.,” Asian Dev. Perspect., vol. 9, no. 1, 2018.

[25] K. de la Caba et al., “From seafood waste to active seafood packaging: An emerging opportunity of the circular economy,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 208, pp. 86–98, 2019.

[26] J. Islam, E. E. S. Yap, L. Krongpong, J. Toppe, and O. R. Peñarubia, Fish waste management: Assessment on potential production and utilization of fish silage in Bangladesh, Philippines and Thailand. Food & Agriculture Org., 2021.

[27] M. Šilovs, “Fish processing by-products exploitation and innovative fish-based food production,” Res. Rural Dev, vol. 2, pp. 210–215, 2018.

[28] S. Naseem, A. Imam, A. S. Rayadurga, A. Ray, and S. K. Suman, “Trends in fisheries waste utilization: a valuable resource of nutrients and valorized products for the food industry,” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 64, no. 25, pp. 9240–9260, 2024.

[29] M. King, “Green growth and poverty reduction: Policy coherence for pro-poor growth,” 2013.

[30] N. M. P. Bocken, A. Fil, and J. Prabhu, “Scaling up social businesses in developing markets,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 139, pp. 295–308, 2016.

[31] C. Rusmina, Z. Zainuddin, J. Juwita, M. Marlina, and A. Jelita, “Risiko Investasi pada Inovasi Teknologi Ramah Lingkungan dalam Pengolahan Limbah Plastik,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 2, 2025.

[32] R. Morgan, “Exploring how fishermen respond to the challenges facing the fishing industry: a case study of diversification in the english channel fishery,” Reg. Stud., vol. 50, no. 10, pp. 1755–1768, 2016.

[33] C. A. Intyas, J. A. Putritamara, and N. Haryati, Dinamika Agrobisnis Era VUCA: Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity. Universitas Brawijaya Press, 2022.

[34] E. M. Finkbeiner, “The role of diversification in dynamic small-scale fisheries: Lessons from Baja California Sur, Mexico,” Glob. Environ. Chang., vol. 32, pp. 139–152, 2015.

[35] S. D. Akinyele, Samuel Taiwo; Akinyele, Esther Feyisayo; Olaniyan, “Entrepreneurial Initiatives On Fish Farming Production and Performance Of SMEs: A Study Of Selected Fish Farmers In Yewa North LGA, Ogun State,” Int. J. Biosci. Agrol. Res., 2023.

[36] T. Cashion, S. de la Puente, D. Belhabib, D. Pauly, D. Zeller, and U. R. Sumaila, “Establishing company level fishing revenue and profit losses from fisheries: A bottom-up approach,” PLoS One, vol. 13, no. 11, p. e0207768, 2018.

[37] P. Puntillo, C. Gulluscio, D. Huisingh, and S. Veltri, “Reevaluating waste as a resource under a circular economy approach from a system perspective: Findings from a case study,” Bus. Strateg. Environ., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 968–984, 2021.

[38] V. Ünal and R. Franquesa, “A comparative study on socio‐economic indicators and viability in small‐scale fisheries of six districts along the Turkish coast,” J. Appl. Ichthyol., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 26–34, 2010.

[39] U. Kleih, J. Linton, A. Marr, M. Mactaggart, D. Naziri, and J. E. Orchard, “Financial services for small and medium-scale aquaculture and fisheries producers,” Mar. Policy, vol. 37, pp. 106–114, 2013.

[40] L. Miret-Pastor, Á. Peiró-Signes, and P. Herrera-Racionero, “Empirical analysis of sustainable fisheries and the relation to economic performance enhancement: The case of the Spanish fishing industry,” Mar. Policy, vol. 46, pp. 105–110, 2014.

[41] R. M. Rosales et al., “Value chain analysis and small-scale fisheries management,” Mar. Policy, vol. 83, pp. 11–21, 2017.

[42] M. Fabinyi, W. Dressler, and M. Pido, “Do fish scales matter? Diversification and differentiation in seafood commodity chains,” Ocean Coast. Manag., vol. 134, pp. 103–111, 2016.

[43] P. Solomon, “Can cooperatives be a tool for poverty reduction? Social capital perspectives of fisher’s cooperatives in India,” Mar. Policy, vol. 147, p. 105373, 2023.

[44] R. M. K. Teniwut, “Improving Coastal Communities’micro Enterprises’knowledge Capabilities: Boosting Finance Digitalization In Small Islands Region,” MAHATANI J. Agribisnis (agribus. Agric. Econ. Journal), vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 90–105, 2025.

[45] R. Guenard, The State Of World Fisheries And Aquaculture, vol. 32, no. 6. 2021. doi: 10.4060/ca9229en.

[46] FAO, The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2018.

[47] S. W. Purcell, A. Tagliafico, B. R. Cullis, and B. J. Gogel, “Socioeconomic impacts of resource diversification from small-scale fishery development.,” Ecol. Soc., vol. 26, no. 1, 2021.

[48] H. Zheng, J. Li, and X. Zhao, “How does financial policy support the development of China’s fishery? Characteristics, experience and prospects,” Mar. Policy, vol. 132, p. 104678, 2021.

[49] C. Rusmina, M. Mawardi, M. Bakri, S. Susanti, R. Radhiana, and C. A. Surayya, “Meningkatkan Daya Saing UMKM melalui Penerapan Just-in-Time dan Teknologi Sederhana,” J. Serambi Eng., vol. 10, no. 1, 2025.

[50] M. B. Roscher, E. H. Allison, D. J. Mills, H. Eriksson, D. Hellebrandt, and N. L. Andrew, “Sustainable development outcomes of livelihood diversification in small‐scale fisheries,” Fish Fish., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 910–925, 2022.

[51] I. Del Valle, K. Astorkiza, and I. Díaz-Emparanza, “Measuring species concentration, diversification and dependency in a macro-fishery,” Empir. Econ., vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 1689–1713, 2017.

[52] A. F. Dewinta and W. F. Ma’ruf, “Sustainability of fish fillet processing industries in Batang District,” J. Ilm. Perikan. dan Kelaut., vol. 12, no. 1, p. 81, 2020.