Pengaruh pH Tanah Terhadap Metode Aerasi Dalam Stabilisasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb2+)

Moch Shafansyah Yumna Argia; Muhammad Abdus Salam Jawwad

Authors

Moch Shafansyah Yumna Argia Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author
Muhammad Abdus Salam Jawwad Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

Lead, Soil Aeration, Stabilization, Soil pH, Remediation

Abstract

This study examines the effect of soil pH variation on the effectiveness of the aeration method in stabilizing the heavy metal lead (Pb2+). Lead contamination from industrial waste and fossil fuels is a serious environmental problem as it is carcinogenic and can pollute ecosystems, including plants, posing a health risk to humans. Soil remediation is needed to address this issue, and soil aeration is one promising method. However, the effectiveness of aeration is highly influenced by soil environmental conditions, particularly pH, as low pH makes heavy metals easily soluble and mobile. This quantitative experimental study used 3 reactors with variations in pH treatment (acidic pH 4, neutral pH 6.5, and alkaline pH 10) and aeration duration (6 hours/day). Samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) to measure the remaining lead concentration, and the stabilization efficiency was calculated from the difference in concentration before and after treatment. The results showed that the alkaline pH treatment (pH 10) consistently provided the highest lead reduction efficiency, reaching 78.7% at a 24-hour aeration duration. Increasing the pH caused the Pb2+ ions to precipitate into insoluble and less toxic compounds. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed that pH and aeration duration had a significant effect on the efficiency of lead (Pb2+) reduction.

References

[1] F. N. Afifah and E. Retnaningrum, “Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Dekontaminasi Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) dari Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta,” Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 126–133, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.21776/ub.jsal.2023.010.03.4.

[2] Y. Ma et al., “Assessment of heavy metal pollution and the effect on bacterial community in acidic and neutral soils,” Ecol Indic, vol. 117, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106626.

[3] J. P. Tropik, L. Sidauruk, and P. Sipayung, “Phytoremediation of Contaminated Land at Medan Industrial Area by Ornamental Plants,” vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 178–186, 2015.

[4] W. Ali et al., “Comprehensive review of the basic chemical behaviours, sources, processes, and endpoints of trace element contamination in paddy soil-rice systems in rice-growing countries,” Oct. 05, 2020, Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122720.

[5] Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, “Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (PP No.101 Tahun 2014),” 2014.

[6] Grasso, Domenic. "Comprehensive environmental response, compensation, and liability act (CERCLA)." Hazardous waste site remediation. Routledge, 2017. 27-46.

[7] W. Purbalisa and T. Dewi, “Remediasi Tanah Tercemar Kobalt (Co) Menggunakan Bioremediator Dan Amelioran,” Jurnal Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1237–1242, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.21776/ub.jtsl.2019.006.2.4.

[8] I. Ben-Noah, I. Nitsan, B. Cohen, G. Kaplan, and S. P. Friedman, “Soil aeration using air injection in a citrus orchard with shallow groundwater,” Agric Water Manag, vol. 245, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106664.

[9] L. Liu, W. Li, W. Song, and M. Guo, “Remediation techniques for heavy metal-contaminated soils: Principles and applicability,” Aug. 15, 2018, Elsevier B.V. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.161.

[10] N. Bolan et al., “Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils - To mobilize or to immobilize?,” Feb. 15, 2014, Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.018.

[11] Brian. J. Alloway, “Heavy metals in soils: trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability,” 2013. Accessed: Mar. 10, 2025.

[12] P. Dvořák, P. I. Nikel, J. Damborský, and V. de Lorenzo, “Bioremediation 3.0: Engineering pollutant-removing bacteria in the times of systemic biology,” Nov. 15, 2017, Elsevier Inc. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.001.

[13] S. Hou, N. Zheng, L. Tang, X. Ji, and Y. Li, “Effect of soil pH and organic matter content on heavy metals availability in maize (Zea mays L.) rhizospheric soil of non-ferrous metals smelting area,” Environ Monit Assess, vol. 191, no. 10, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7793-5.

[14] F. Liao et al., “Stabilization mechanism and remediation effectiveness of Pb and cd in agricultural soil using nonmetallic minerals,” Sci Rep, vol. 15, no. 1, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96970-z.

[15] C. R. Anderson, M. E. Peterson, R. A. Frampton, S. R. Bulman, S. Keenan, and D. Curtin, “Rapid increases in soil pH solubilise organic matter, dramatically increase denitrification potential and strongly stimulate microorganisms from the Firmicutes phylum,” PeerJ, vol. 2018, no. 12, 2018, doi: 10.7717/peerj.6090.