Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Katalis Zeolit Basa Menggunakan Metode Hidrotermal Untuk Transesterifikasi Biodiesel

Valda Ashila Dharmawan; Muhammad Zainul Fata; Ni Ketut Sari

Authors

Valda Ashila Dharmawan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author
Muhammad Zainul Fata Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author
Ni Ketut Sari Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

katalis zeolit basa; sintesis zeolit; metode hidrotermal

Abstract

Penelitian ini mensintesis dan mengkarakterisasi katalis zeolit basa melalui optimasi rasio Si/Al (1:1–5:1) sebagai x dan pH pencucian (7–11) menggunakan metode hidrotermal dengan komposisi molar 20 Na₂O : 8 Al₂O₃ : x SiO₂ : 400 H₂O. Pengujian aktivitas katalitik dilakukan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit dengan metanol pada suhu 70°C selama 180 menit. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) digunakan untuk menentukan kondisi optimal dengan yield biodiesel sebagai variabel respon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan rasio Si/Al dari 1:1-5:1 konsisten meningkatkan yield biodiesel pada seluruh rentang pH. Yield tertinggi sebesar 82,387% dicapai pada rasio Si/Al 5:1 dengan pH 9. Optimasi menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan model kuadratik menghasilkan perolehan biodiesel optimal 82,537% pada rasio Si/Al 4,975 dan pH 8,912, dengan ketepatan model yang tinggi (R² = 0,9976, Adjusted R² = 0,9957, Predicted R² = 0,9844, dan desirability = 1,000). Karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan bentuk kristal oktahedral dengan ukuran partikel 4,569-14,000 μm, sedangkan analisis XRF memastikan rasio Si/Al aktual sebesar 2,28. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar SNI 7182:2015 dengan massa jenis 877 kg/m³ dan viskositas kinematik 4,69 cSt, menunjukkan bahwa katalis zeolit basa mampu digunakan untuk proses transesterifikasi biodiesel.

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