Analisis Literatur Tentang Pengaruh Limbah Domestik Terhadap Indeks Keanekaragaman Ikan di Perairan Tawar Tropis Asia Tenggara

Esta Rendra RS; Cahya Darmawan

Authors

Esta Rendra RS Universitas Siliwangi Author
Cahya Darmawan Universitas Siliwangi Author

Keywords:

danau tropis, keanekaragaman ikan, limbah domestik

Abstract

Peningkatan tekanan limbah domestik terhadap ekosistem perairan tawar tropis di Asia Tenggara telah menjadi perhatian serius dalam kajian ekologi akuatik kontemporer. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesis literatur ilmiah terkait pengaruh limbah domestik terhadap indeks keanekaragaman ikan melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berbasis protokol PRISMA. Dari 309 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 10 literatur memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara komprehensif. Hasil sintesis mengungkapkan bahwa parameter polutan utama meliputi detergen, beban nutrien berlebih, BOD, COD, dan logam berat yang secara sinergis memicu eutrofikasi, penurunan oksigen terlarut, serta kerusakan organ vital ikan. Danau-danau tropis berskala kecil dengan kapasitas asimilasi terbatas menunjukkan tingkat kerentanan tertinggi terhadap akumulasi polutan. Faktor moderator berupa intensitas penggunaan lahan, variabilitas musiman, dan ketiadaan infrastruktur pengolahan limbah yang memadai terbukti memperparah laju degradasi keanekaragaman hayati akuatik. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengelolaan limbah domestik berbasis watershed dan pemantauan ekologis berkelanjutan sebagai strategi mitigasi utama.

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