Sintesis Bioadsorben Kristal Violet Berbasis Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Aktivasi Menggunakan Pemanasan Microwave

Hilmi Rafif Ardya; Sandy Aulia Treeana; Sintha Soraya Santi; Renova Panjaitan

Authors

Hilmi Rafif Ardya Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author
Sandy Aulia Treeana Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author
Sintha Soraya Santi Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author
Renova Panjaitan Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

Bioadsorbent, Activated Carbon, Microwave Activation, Crystal Violet, OPEFB

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis bioadsorben berbasis selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) melalui aktivasi menggunakan pemanasan microwave untuk aplikasi adsorpsi zat warna kristal violet. TKKS dipilih karena memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang tinggi serta pemanfaatannya yang masih terbatas, sehingga berpotensi dikembangkan menjadi material karbon aktif yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai ekonomis. Tahapan penelitian meliputi delignifikasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 12%, karbonisasi pada suhu 500°C selama 2 jam, serta aktivasi microwave dengan variasi daya 400–800 watt dan waktu 4–16 menit. Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan kemudian dikarakterisasi melalui uji kadar air, kadar abu, efisiensi adsorpsi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, serta analisis morfologi permukaan menggunakan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses delignifikasi mampu meningkatkan kadar selulosa dari 37,12% menjadi 40,53% serta menurunkan kadar lignin dari 23,41% menjadi 2,55%, sehingga meningkatkan potensi TKKS sebagai bahan baku bioadsorben. Peningkatan daya dan waktu aktivasi microwave menurunkan kadar air hingga nilai terendah 4,56%, sementara kadar abu meningkat seiring bertambahnya intensitas pemanasan akibat pembentukan residu mineral. Seluruh sampel tetap memenuhi standar mutu SNI 06-3730-1995. Efisiensi adsorpsi kristal violet meningkat seiring kenaikan daya aktivasi dan mencapai kondisi optimum pada 600 watt selama 10 menit, namun mengalami penurunan pada kondisi daya yang lebih tinggi akibat kemungkinan kerusakan struktur pori karbon aktif.

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