Fermentasi Hidrolisat Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca) Oleh Zymomonas mobilis untuk Pembuatan Bioetanol

Msy Rustinra Khairunnisa; Muhammad Yerizam; Erika Dwi Oktaviani

doi:10.32672/j6nrjp12

Authors

Msy Rustinra Khairunnisa Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Author
Muhammad Yerizam Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Author
Erika Dwi Oktaviani Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32672/j6nrjp12

Keywords:

Kulit Pisang Kepok, Biomassa lignoselulosa, Hidrolisis asam, Zymomonas mobilis, Fermentasi

Abstract

Kulit pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca) merupakan limbah biomassa lignoselulosa yang berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol karena mengandung selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan pati yang dapat dikonversi menjadi gula fermentabel. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan persentase starter Zymomonas mobilis terhadap kadar etanol serta mengarakterisasi bioetanol yang dihasilkan. Hidrolisis dilakukan menggunakan HNO₃ dengan variasi konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 N serta waktu hidrolisis 60, 75, dan 90 menit untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum. Hidrolisat terbaik difermentasi selama 24, 48, dan 72 jam dengan variasi starter 10, 15, 20, 25, dan 30%, kemudian didistilasi. Bioetanol hasil distilasi dikarakterisasi berdasarkan kadar etanol, densitas, pH, dan komposisi senyawa menggunakan Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi hidrolisis optimum diperoleh pada HNO₃ 10 N selama 60 menit dengan nilai 16,8 °Bx dan kadar gula reduksi 3,54%. Kondisi fermentasi optimum dicapai pada waktu fermentasi 48 jam dengan starter 15%, menghasilkan kadar etanol sebesar 57%. Bioetanol hasil distilasi memiliki kadar etanol 52%, densitas 0,8779 g/mL, pH 6, dan GC-MS mengidentifikasi etanol sebagai komponen dominan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa limbah kulit pisang kepok berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol melalui optimasi proses hidrolisis dan fermentasi menggunakan Zymomonas mobilis.

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