The Impact of Silica Nanoparticles on the Properties of WPI/CMC Biocomposite Films for Packaging Applications
Keywords:
Silica nanoparticle, WPI, CMC, biocomposite films, Thermal propertiesAbstract
WPI/CMC biocomposite films reinforced with silica offer a biodegradable alternative to traditional plastics. The primary aim was to assess the impact of silica reinforcement on the films' physical, mechanical, water barrier, and thermal properties, which are crucial for packaging applications. Silica nanoparticle reinforcement significantly enhanced the tensile strength of WPI/CMC biocomposite films, reaching a maximum of 27.07 MPa at a 7% silica concentration. This enhancement in tensile strength came at the cost of reduced elongation, which decreased from 26.48% to 8.32%. The thickness of WPI/CMC biocomposite films with silica addition ranged from 0.126 to 0.371 mm. Silica incorporation significantly reduced water absorption, with a decrease from 83.23% to 63.33%. Tensile strength varied significantly, ranging from 2.02 to 27.07 MPa. Similarly, the elongation values ranged widely, from 7.42% to 26.48%. Thermal properties increased with the increase of silica. The morphology of the biocomposite films with 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 9% silica additions exhibited uneven surfaces. The morphology of the biocomposite films was also affected by silica incorporation. The addition of silica nanoparticles resulted in uneven surfaces, which may influence the film's barrier properties and overall performance. Silica nanoparticle reinforcement offers a promising approach to enhance the mechanical properties of WPI/CMC biocomposite films. However, careful optimization of silica concentration is crucial to balance strength and flexibility.
References
[1] S. Alfei, B. Marengo, and G. Zuccari, “Nanotechnology application in food packaging: A plethora of opportunities versus pending risks assessment and public concerns,” Food Res. Int., vol. 137, pp. 109664, 2020.
[2] M. Promozic, K. Zeljko, and Maja Laitgeb, "(Bio) Nano technology in food science food packaging," Nanomaterials., vol 11, no. 2 , pp.292, 2021.
[3] F. Fitriani, S. Aprilia, N. Arahman, M. R. Bilad, H. Suhaimi and N. Huda, " Properties of biocomposite film based on whey protein isolate filled with nanocrystalline cellulose from pineapple crown leaf,'' Polymers. vol. 13, no. 24, pp. 12, 2021.
[4] M. Wihodo and C. I. Moraru, “Physical and chemical methods used to enhance the structure and mechanical properties of protein films: A review,” J. Food Eng., vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 292–302, 2013.
[5] B. Gökkaya Erdem, S. Dıblan, and S. Kaya, “Development and structural assessment of whey protein isolate/sunflower seed oil biocomposite film,” Food Bioprod. Process., vol. 118, pp. 270–280, 2019.
[6] S. Yoo and J. M. Krochta, “Whey protein-polysaccharide blended edible film formation and barrier, tensile, thermal and transparency properties,” J. Sci. Food Agric., vol. 91, no. 14, pp. 2628–2636, 2021.
[7] M. Asgher, S. A. Qamar, M. Bilal, and H. M. N. Iqbal, “Bio-based active food packaging materials: Sustainable alternative to conventional petrochemical-based packaging materials,” Food Res. Int., vol. 137, p. 109625, 2020.
[8] P. Kumar, K. P. Sandeep, S. Alavi, V. D. Truong, and R. E. Gorga, “Effect of Type and Content of Modified Montmorillonite on the Structure and Properties of Bio-Nanocomposite Films Based on Soy Protein Isolate and Montmorillonite,” J. Food Sci., vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 46–56, 2010.
[9] V. M. Azevedo et al., “Development of whey protein isolate bio-nanocomposites: Effect of montmorillonite and citric acid on structural, thermal, morphological and mechanical properties,” Food Hydrocoll., vol. 48, pp. 179–188, 2015.
[10] P. Thivya, P.N. Gururaj, N. Bhanu Prakash Reddy, R. Rajam. Recent advances in protein-polysaccharide based biocomposites and their potential applications in food packaging: A review. Int. J. Bio. Macro., vol. 268, Part 2, 2024.
[11] Z. Cai, J. Wu, B. Du, and H. Zhang, “Impact of distribution of carboxymethyl substituents in the stabilizer of carboxymethyl cellulose on the stability of acidified milk drinks,” Food Hydrocoll., vol. 76, pp. 150–157, 2018.
[12] M. B. Ihsan and Ratnawulan, “Effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) Addition on the Quality of Biodegradable Plastic from Corn Cob,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 5117–5125, 2023.
[13] N. Talebian and E. Zare, “Structure and antibacterial property of nano-SiO2 supported oxide ceramic,” Ceram. Int., vol. 40, no. 1 PART A, pp. 281–287, 2014.
[14] D. Datta and G. Halder, “Effect of Rice Husk Derived Nanosilica on the Structure , Properties and Biodegradability of Corn-Starch / LDPE Composites,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 0, no. 0, p. 0, 2019.
[15] I. Zuwanna, M. Riza, S. Aprilia, and Y. Syamsuddin, “Biocomposite based on whey protein isolate with the addition silica from rice husk ash,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 63, pp. S147–S152, 2022.
[16] I. Zuwanna, M. Riza, S. Aprilia, Y. Syamsuddin, and R. Dewi, “South African Journal of Chemical Engineering Preparation and characterization of silica from rice husk ash as a reinforcing agent in whey protein isolate biocomposites film,” South African J. Chem. Eng., vol. 44, no. February, pp. 337–343, 2023.
[17] C. Xu and Z. Cheng, “Thermal stability of ionic liquids: Current status and prospects for future development,” Processes, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1–36, 2021.
[18] Z. Yang, H. Peng, W. Wang, and T. Liu, “Crystallization behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone)/layered double hydroxide nanocomposites,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 116, no. 5, pp. 2658–2667, 2010.
[19] D. Ariyani, E. Puryati Ningsih, and S. Sunardi, “Pengaruh Penambahan Carboxymethyl Cellulose Terhadap Karakteristik Bioplastik Dari Pati Ubi Nagara (Ipomoea batatas L.),” Indo. J. Chem. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 77–85, 2019.
[20] A. Sugiharto, A. Syarifa, N. Handayani, and R. Mahendra, “Effect of Chitosan, Clay, and CMC on Physicochemical Properties of Bioplastic from Banana Corm with Glycerol.,” J. Bahan Alam Terbarukan, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 31–35, 2021.
[21] D. Yulianti, S. Sembiring, and J. Junaidi, “Karakteristik Struktur Dan Termal Komposit Aspal Karbosil Silika Sekam Padi,” J. Teor. dan Apl. Fis., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 41, 2022.
[22] F. Özdemir, N. Ayrilmis, and E. Yurttaş, “Mechanical and thermal properties of biocomposite films produced from hazelnut husk and polylactic acid,” Wood Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 783–789, 2022.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mukhlishien, Syahiddin DS, Medyan Riza, Azwar (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
