Comparative Study of Impregnated and Non-Impregnated CaO Catalysts for Biodiesel Synthesis

Adinda Khansa; Sabrina Naya Junaidi; Erwan Adi Saputro

Authors

Adinda Khansa UPN Veteran Jawa Timur Author
Sabrina Naya Junaidi UPN Veteran Jawa Timur Author
Erwan Adi Saputro UPN Veteran Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

biodiesel, kalsium oksida, impregnasi katalis, luas permukaan, transesterifikasi

Abstract

Calcium oxide (CaO) is a widely used heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel synthesis due to its strong basicity and low cost. However, its performance is often limited by low surface area. This study investigates the enhancement of CaO through ammonium carbonate impregnation and evaluates its effect on surface area and catalytic activity. The catalyst was prepared via calcination, impregnation with ammonium carbonate, and recalcination at 900 °C. BET surface analysis showed a substantial increase in specific surface area from 8.242 m²/g to 96.390 m²/g. The modified catalyst was then applied in the transesterification of crude palm oil with methanol at a 1:12 molar ratio. The highest biodiesel yield achieved using the impregnated catalyst was 89% at 2.5 wt% catalyst loading, 3.5 hours reaction time, and 60 °C. outperforming unmodified CaO, which yielded 79.09% under similar conditions. These results demonstrate that ammonium carbonate impregnation not only improves the structural properties of CaO but also significantly enhances its catalytic efficiency in biodiesel production.

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