Kemampuan Adsorben Tanah Liat dengan Kombinasi Aktivasi Termal dan Aktivasi Asam untuk Mengurangi Kadar Surfaktan Limbah Laundry

Bagus Tri Wibowo; Tuhu Agung Rachmanto

Authors

Bagus Tri Wibowo Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Author
Tuhu Agung Rachmanto Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur Author

Keywords:

Surfaktan, Adsorben, Aktivasi Asam, Aktivasi Termal, Limbah Laundry

Abstract

Limbah cair laundry cenderung memiliki kadar surfaktan anionik yang tinggi, sehingga sangat berbahaya bagi lingkungan serta makhluk hidup karena bersifat toksik. Oleh karena itu, dilakukannya upaya pengolahan air untuk mereduksi kadar surfaktan pada limbah laundry dengan adsorben tanah liat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja adsorben tanah liat (kaolinit dan bentonit) yang diaktivasi secara termal dan asam dalam menurunkan kadar surfaktan, fosfat, dan TSS pada limbah laundry. Aktivasi termal dilakukan pada suhu 500°C dan 800°C, dilanjutkan dengan aktivasi asam HCl (0,5–3 N). Uji adsorpsi dilakukan secara batch dengan dosis 10 g/L, kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm, dan waktu kontak 2 jam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsentrasi asam meningkatkan efisiensi penurunan surfaktan dan fosfat akibat bertambahnya muatan aktif dan porositas adsorben. Kinerja terbaik diperoleh pada kaolinit dengan aktivasi 500°C dan HCl 3 N pada kondisi limbah sedikit asam, dengan efisiensi 95,4% untuk surfaktan dan 99,3% untuk fosfat. Analisis statistik (ANOVA) menunjukkan aktivasi asam berpengaruh signifikan, sedangkan suhu tidak selalu signifikan. Diketahui adanya peningkatan nilai TSS hingga 304% untuk kaolinit dan 72% untuk bentonit akibat abrasi adsorben selama proses adsorpsi. Secara keseluruhan, kaolinit kombinasi aktivasi asam dan termal berpotensi sebagai adsorben efektif dan ekonomis untuk pengolahan limbah laundry.

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