Konversi Selulosa Dari Limbah Kulit Nangka Melalui Hidrolisis Asam Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol
Keywords:
bioethanol, jackfruit peel waste, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, glucose yield, saccharomyces cerevisiaeAbstract
Bioethanol is a form of renewable energy with significant potential to reduce organic waste and dependence on fossil fuels. Jackfruit peel waste constitutes a biomass resource with considerable potential for conversion into glucose due to its relatively high cellulose content. This cellulose can be hydrolyzed into glucose through acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, using sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as a catalyst to cleave the glycosidic bonds within the cellulose structure. This study aims to examine the effect of varying sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) concentrations and hydrolysis durations on the glucose yield, as well as to evaluate the characteristics of bioethanol produced at both laboratory and mini-plant scales. The experimental procedure comprised delignification using 6% NaOH solution, hydrolysis with H₂SO₄ at concentrations of 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, and 4% at 100°C for 60 and 120 minutes, followed by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae for seven days, and purification through distillation. Analyses included glucose concentration using a Brix refractometer, ethanol content using GC-MS, density measurement with a pycnometer, pH, and viscosity determination with an Ostwald viscometer, in accordance with SNI 7390:2012 and SNI 06-3565-1994 standards. The results indicated that hydrolysis using 3% H₂SO₄ for 120 minutes yielded the highest glucose concentration of 8.5%. Furthermore, the bioethanol produced at the mini-plant scale exhibited superior quality compared to the laboratory scale, with an ethanol content of 18.36%, viscosity of 0.0137 P, pH of 7, and density of 0.85 g/mL.
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