Inventarisasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah Domestik sebagai Dasar Pendekatan Perencanaan Sanitasi Rendah Karbon di Kota Bandung

Aiman Muin; Prayatni Soewondo; Adyati Pradini Yudison

Authors

Aiman Muin Institut Teknologi Bandung Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3498-6325
Prayatni Soewondo Institut Teknologi Bandung Author https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-8592
Adyati Pradini Yudison Institut Teknologi Bandung Author

Keywords:

gas rumah kaca, tangki septik, IPAL komunal, sistem pengolahan air limbah, metana, dinitrogen oksida

Abstract

Amid global commitments to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the wastewater sector is still often overlooked as a significant emission source. This study aims to estimate and compare GHG emissions, specifically methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), from two domestic wastewater treatment systems in Bandung City: communal systems (WWTPs) and individual systems (septic tanks). The estimation method refers to the IPCC 2019 Refinement approach. In this method, default emission factors and locally adjusted factors for CH₄ and N₂O are used, in accordance with the specific conditions of each system. Activity data were obtained from primary surveys concerning the number of users, usage frequency, and system characteristics, and supplemented by secondary data from government institutions regarding levels of urbanization and the extent of system utilization. The analysis reveals that, on average, communal WWTPs generate higher CH₄ emissions (7.5 kg/person/year) compared to septic tanks (4.4 kg/person/year), while septic tanks produce higher N₂O emissions (0.1 kg/person/year) than WWTPs (0.02 kg/person/year). Nevertheless, total CO₂-equivalent (CO₂e) emissions from septic tank systems are 33.45 kilotons greater than those from communal WWTPs in aggregate, due to the considerably larger number of users. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating GHG mitigation strategies into sanitation planning by reinforcing communal systems and enhancing technology in individual systems.

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